Lower doses cause minor damage, but can cause mutant cells. Learn about the properties of radiation, detecting radiation, nuclear equations and background radiation with bbc bitesize gcse physics. They are intended to enhance the material in the textbook physics for you, by keith johnson published by nelson thornes. Gamma radiation is used in the treatment of cancer, testing equipment and sterilising medical instruments. Ionizing radiation overview can not see it, feel it, or smell it. Novelty and relevance radiation physics and chemistry aims to publish articles with significance to an international audience, containing substantial novelty and contributions to science. There are officially two types of ionizing radiation that are energetic particles emitted during an interaction within the nucleus. Gamma rays are the least ionising because they have no mass. Radiation physics and chemistry special issues elsevier. The greater the dose of radiation a cell gets, the greater the chance that the cell will become cancerous. These include their range in air, their penetrating power and their ionising power. Ionizing radiation effects and applications intechopen. The alpha particle is composed of two protons and two neutrons, or a helium nucleus.
Revision booklet for the edexcel igcse radioactivity unit. Gcse science physics 91 triple background radiation youtube. This resource is a lesson with activities covering the radiation content of the aqa gcse physics specification. Exposure to ionizing radiation can damage peoples health and lead to serious diseases. Ionizing radiation gives off energy by knocking electrons off atoms, which causes the atoms to have a charge. Khans classic textbook on radiation oncology physics is now in its thoroughly revised and updated fourth edition. Ionizing radiation, flow of energy in the form of atomic and subatomic particles or electromagnetic waves that is capable of freeing electrons from an atom, causing the atom to become charged or ionized. The present book is an update and extension of three previous books from groups of. During this process, the atoms become reactive ions which can cause great damage in living tissue. The ability of radioactivity to form ions depends on its mass. Atoms are ionised when electrons are removed and this makes them charged and more likely to take part in chemical reactions.
Nuclear radiation properties of radiation gcse physics single. Gamma radiation is produced by interactions within the nucleus, while xrays. Free radiation physics books download ebooks online. Choose from 500 different sets of radiographic physics flashcards on quizlet. It covers the use of radiation sources emitting ionizing radiation in comprehensive schools and high schools, and the use of radiation in the teaching of physics and chemistry at vocational training institutions and corresponding educational facilities. Dangers of ionising radiation uses and hazards of radiation. If playback doesnt begin shortly, try restarting your. Modifying factor depends on quality of radiation and part of body. Probability and energy laws of particle collisions 4. On the whole, nonionizing radiation is not as toxic as ionizing radiation, and the various forms of nonionization. Ionizing radiation is a type of energy released by atoms in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles. Background radiation comes from a huge number of sources. If these atoms are ones inside cells of the body, ionising radiation can damage or.
The radiation coming from the various objects around us are called background radiation. For example, at one time, assistants in shoe shops used xrays to check a childs shoe size, but this practice was halted when the risks of ionizing radiation were better understood. Most of this comes from the use of standard xray and ct scan technology to diagnose injuries and disease. At the center is the nucleus, containing the protons and neturons. Concentrating on the underlying principles of radiation physics, it covers the prerequisite knowledge for medical physics courses on the graduate and postgraduate levels in radiotherapy physics, radiation dosimetry, imaging physics, and health physics, thus providing the link between elementary physics on the one hand and the intricacies of. Alpha particles are the most ionising because they have the most mass. Each type of decay is typically accompanied by the emission of gamma rays. The charges on the atomic particles make ionizing radiation unstable and reactive. Learn about radiation and how it is used as well as the waste and dangers with bbc bitesize gcse physics.
Nonionising radiation, microwaves, ultraviolet and laser. New gcse physics radiation revision lesson teaching resources. Ionising ability is related to penetrating ability. There are two types of electromagnetic waves that can ionize atoms. A types of radiation 6 mark answered question to mark 5. Ionizing radiation is not visible and cannot be perceived with the senses which humans have such as, e. If these atoms are ones inside cells of the body, ionising radiation can damage or kill them. This section will cover the following topics energy and intensity, wave communications, radio waves and microwaves, infrared and light, ultraviolet, xrays and gamma rays, the atmosphere and global warming. People are exposed to natural sources of ionizing radiation, such as in soil, water, and vegetation, as well as in humanmade sources, such as xrays and medical devices. In countries with a developed clinical sector, up to a further 50% of our radiation exposure can be attributed to medical sources figure 8.
The term radiation means to give off energy as waves or particles. Gamma rays, xrays and high energy ultraviolet radiation are high energy radiations which can ionise atoms they hit. Gcse physics what is the ionising ability of alpha. In this video, we look at what is meant by radioactive decay and the. In this video, we look at the properties of alpha, beta and gamma radiation. Non ionizing radiation can produce nonmutagenic effects such as inciting thermal energy in biological tissue that can lead to burns. Also describes the distinctions between the units of radiation quantity, exposure and dose. Its usefulness must be balanced with its hazards, a compromise that has shifted over time. A power point to lead students through the lesson 3. Oct 05, 2016 how radiation works there are two types of radiation. But wherever radiation has been put to use, it has turned out to be a razorsharp doubleedged sword. There are two chief sources of radiation you will probably be exposed to. Non ionizing radiation will excite matter at the atomic level but does not have enough energy intensity to alter the atomic structure. Nonionizing radiation an overview sciencedirect topics.
This is a 6 lesson bloc including all specification points 6. Find more discussion in entertainment home gcse study tools physics radiation. There always has been since the beginning of the earth. Igcse radioactivity revision booklet teaching resources. Ionizing radiation is defined as particles or electromagnetic radiation, that is so energetic that it can remove electrons from atoms or molecules. Gcse science physics 91 properties of alpha, beta and gamma. In 2011, the international agency for research on cancer iarc from the world health organization who released a statement adding rf electromagnetic fields including microwave and millimetre waves to their list of things which are possibly carcinogenic to. Radiation physics for medical physicists biological and. It provides the entire radiation therapy teamradiation oncologists, medical physicists, dosimetrists, and radiation therapistswith a thorough understanding of the physics and practical clinical applications of advanced radiation therapy technologies, including 3dcrt. Learn radiographic physics with free interactive flashcards. Directly ionizing radiation deposits energy in the medium through direct coulomb interactions between the directly ionizing charged particle and. Ionizing radiation definition, examples, types, sources. Special issues published in radiation physics and chemistry.
Ionizing radiation has many industrial, military, and medical uses. Due to migration of article submission systems, please check the status of your submitted manuscript in. Ionization and excitation of atoms and molecules 5. In this video, we look at what is meant by background radiation.
Radio frequencies and microwaves can cause serious burns that show up as a small hole in the skin but cause a larger damaged volume beneath the skin. The beta particle is either a positron or an electron. The journal for radiation physics, radiation chemistry and radiation processing a multidisciplinary journal linking science and industry. Introduction to radiological physics and radiation dosimetry. This video shows the uses of radiation in medicine and health. Mark scheme now added, along with publisher version. May 02, 2014 an ac current is produced as a result. Gcse physics revision science section covering radioactivity, atomic structure, background radiation, isotopes, alpha, beta, gamma, uses of radiation, nuclear fission, nuclear energy and chain reactions, revision videos, medical uses of radiation. Radiation offers extraordinary benefits for the diagnosis of a wide range of diseases and ailments, from broken bones to heart disease. Covers photon and neutron attenuation, radiation and charged particle equilibrium, interactions of photons and charged particles with matter, radiotherapy dosimetry, as well as photographic, calorimetric, chemical, and thermoluminescence dosimetry.
Nonionizing radiation includes ultraviolet light, infrared radiation, microwaves, and radio frequencies, all of which are electromagnetic waves. This book draws some facets of their applications, such as hardening process for semiconductor devices, biomedical imaging by radiation luminescent quantum dots, hydrogen gas detection by raman lidar sensor for explosion risk assessment, water and wastewater purification by radiation treatment for environment, doping by the neutron transmutation doping for the semiconductor industry, and polymerization by irradiation, which is useful for industries requiring resistant and protective coating. Ionizing radiation includes the more energetic end of the electromagnetic spectrum and subatomic particles. Ionizing radiation, health effects and protective measures. Alpha, beta and gamma radiation collides with molecules in living cells, collisions cause ionisation. This note explains the basic physics of the electromagnetic and particulate forms of ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation is any type of particle or electromagnetic wave that carries enough energy to ionize or remove electrons from an atom. Introduction to radiation physics, quantities and units.
Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Radio frequencies, microwaves, and visible and ultraviolet light are forms of non ionizing radiation. Guide for authors radiation physics and chemistry issn. However, very high doses of radiation can kill the cell completely. Ionizing radiation is a natural part of our environment. On the other hand, ionizing radiation has become an indispensable tool of modern medicine. Edexcel 91 gcse physics science revision unit 6 for p1 paper 1. Lasers are a latetwentiethcentury phenomenon which present new opportunites in surgery as well as the potential for inflicting serious biological damage. Due to migration of article submission systems, please check the status of your submitted manuscript in the relevant system below. Mar 18, 2011 a unit of ionising radiation absorbed dose equivalent obtained as a product of the absorbed dose measure in grays and a dimensionless factor, stipulated by the international commission on radiological protection icrp, and indicating the biological effectiveness of the radiation.
Ionising radiations gcserevision, physics, electromagnetic. The radiation sources used at universities and other institutes of higher. Electrons revolve around it detection of radioactivity 1. Nonionising electromagnetic radiation ultraviolet, visible, infrared, microwave, radio frequency and laser radiation have exciting medical applications but are also potentially hazardous. Higher doses kill cells completely, aka radiation sickness. Radiation safety health physics neutron spectroscopy summer school. The particles and energy given out are what we call radiation or radioactive emissions. Free radiation physics books download ebooks online textbooks. Ionizing radiation is energy that transforms matter at the atomic level think nuclear reactors, atomic bomb, incredible hulk, etc. Gcse science revision radiation in medicine youtube. Xrays and gammarays, and sometimes they have the same energy.
A straightforward presentation of the broad concepts underlying radiological physics and radiation dosimetry for the graduatelevel student. Aqa gcse trilogy science radioactivity teaching resources. Radioactivity can be detected because it forms ions. Background radiationthere is a certain amount of radiation around us and even inside us all the time.
1266 689 293 601 1332 1105 1054 1080 2 1512 115 1509 59 1335 1340 330 839 1492 1125 1137 318 717 966 610 1313 1387 205 1118 652 348 1230 1380 1005 1430 1497 455 762 122 500 595